Page 106-107 questions 1-12, 14, 15.

1.B. Bucrose
2. B. Carbohydrate
3. C. Hydrophilic
4. B. Lipid.
5. B. Side groups
6. D. Substrate
7.B. Cools a reaction, slowing it down

Short Answers.

5.5 Summary

-An activation energy is usually galled a start-up engergy which activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.

-The hotter the molecule is then the more likly it will collide with enought energy to the weaken bonds which the cooler molecules collide with the less engery molecules.

-A type of cellular reaction is depended on the assistance of the catalysts, compound that speeds up the chemical reactions.

-Enzymes are the main catalysts of a chemical reaction which the organism are specialized proteins.

-A substrate is a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme which is called the enzym's substrate.

- The active site is a substrate fits into a particular region of the enzyme.

5.4 Summary

-A protein is a polymer a set of just 20 kinds of monomers which are called amio acids.

-Proteins are responsible for almost every thing that people use or any kind of functioning of an organism.

- An amino acids is a kind of monomer which consists of a central carbon atom which is bonde to four partners.

-The center of a carbon's partner is all amino acids.

-A polypeptide is a cells which is created by proteins which are linked by amino acids together into a chain.

-Most Protiens are made up of one or more polypeptide chains.

-In most polypeptide chains there are about 100 amino acids in lenght.

-A protein is a type of simple fourm of amino acids which are linked together which cannont function properly.

-A proteins shape is an influenced by the surrounding environment which is usually aqueous.

-Denaturation is the process of the protein

5.3 Summary

Lipids are inablitiy to mix with water and it is a typical of the class of water, which they avoid compounds.

In 5.3 it talks about how lipids includes fats and steriods. In 5.3 it also talks about the characteristics of lipids, fats, and steriods. As you already know lipids are inablitiy to mix with water and it is a typical of the class of water, which they avoid compounds. And also hydrophobic means water-fearing, which water-avoiding molecules.

Fats include three-carbon backbone which is called glycerold. Glycerold is also attached to three fatty acids, the three fatty acids contain a long hydrocarbon chains. Also there are unsaturated fats which are solid at room temperature.

Steroids are a kind of lipid molecule with a carbon skeleton which forms four fused rings. Steroids have a kind of core set of four ring which makes the different from the of kind of functional groups which are attached to the ring. Therefore steroid are put into a class which they are hydrophobic. Cholesterol is an essential molecule which is found in the membranes that surround the cells in your body.

5.2 Summary

Carbohydrates are an ideal source of energy for the body.















Carbohydrates is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules. Sugars contain the following elements: 1 oxygen, 1 carbon, and 2 hydrogen.




Sugar Molecule --->




Simple kinds of sugar containing,Monosaccharides, just has one sugar unit. There are different examples of glucose which are fructose and galactose are examples of monosaccharides. Most of the things you eat daily contains one or more of the simples sugars found in the sweet things you may eat. There are two different forms of glucose. One of the form is a straight-chain and the other one is a ring-shaped.



Disaccharides, meaning "two sugars", are commonly found in nature as sucrose, lactose and maltose. A glucose molecule contains sucrose and a fructose molecule. In the planet the mose important carbohydrate. The process of table sugar is the stems of surgar cant or any of the roos of a sugar beet. Once you swollow a sucrose, it can be divided into glucose and fructose.

Polysaccharides are the complex carbohydrates. They are made up of chains of monosaccharides (the sugars) which are linked together by glycosidic bonds. A starch is a kind of plysaccharide which is found in plant cells. They contain mostly of glucose monmers. Glycogen is a type of stach which is a chain of many glucose monmers. Most of the glycogen is stored in a humans granules in the liver and muscle cells. Cellulose is served as a kind of building material and also is found if some polysaccharides plants.

5.2 Key Terms
-Carbohydrate
-Monosaccharide
-Disaccacharide
-Polysaccharide
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose